Picture Schedules for Autism

                

 

Children and adults with autism are known to have difficulty understanding spoken language. Images, and sometimes text, convey meaning for people who are unable to process spoken language. Research has found that children who use picture schedules are more engaged and less likely to exhibit challenging behaviors. Picture schedules are images and/or text arranged in a sequence that describe upcoming events or activities. Individualized schedules may act as a form of antecedent intervention to reduce challenging behaviors as they may limit the impact of new settings, demands, or activities.

In an article published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders in June, 2005, a student with severe autism was exposed to an activity schedule that had been carefully prepared based on functional analysis. This analysis examined contexts in which self-injury did and did not occur. These contexts included attention, demand, play, and alone. The authors found that the student exhibited the most self-injurious behaviors during academic demand contexts and not during the no interaction or play contexts. The authors also found that if a demand session was followed by an attention session, self-injurious behavior seemed to carry over.

A schedule that consisted of a sequence of demand-no interaction-play-demand was compared to a no schedule condition. Results of the comparison of the no schedule/schedule condition found that there was significantly less self-injury during the Schedule condition. In addition, levels of engagement were relatively high during the Schedule condition.

O'Reilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., Edrisinha, C., and Andrews, A. (2005). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Vol. 35, No. 3.

Our website www.languageimages.com features picture schedules and communication boards for children and adults. We have generic picture schedules that you may find appropriate or you may customize your schedule or board with our database of over 5000 images. The site is easy to use and completed boards or schedules may be downloaded or we will print them for you.

Julia Lynch is a speech language pathologist with a special interest in autism, visual supports for communication, augmentative communication, and assistive technology.

Her website, http://www.languageimages.com features race and culture neutral images appropriate for children and adults.

 

Understanding The Pdd Autism Link

                

 

Autism comes under the PDD (pervasive development disorders) umbrella For the longest time, kids who had PDD slipped under the radar and did not get the correct diagnosis, instead they were given labels by others who did not understand them. They were called shy, weird, or just ?different?. These problems, as it turned out, are related to PDD autism. Though classic autism was diagnosed long ago, there are high-functioning forms that are now just being understood and diagnosed. These are the children that were often misunderstood and teased. Research and understanding now allows these children enjoy a more ?normal? way of life.

The word normal is something that should be used carefully however. What is normal for one child is not for another. There seems to be a standard range of accepted behavior and development though, and those with PDD often fall outside those ranges in some areas.

Many with PDD can blend in, but they are often singled out eventually. Many of them say that PDD makes them who they are, and they would not change that for the world. However, because they want to interact with others who do not have autism, they do have to learn to adapt. There are programs now that are designed just to help these children with the social and communication problems they often have.

Almost every child with a PDD has communication issues. Some have no vocabulary, and some have a very extensive one. Some never utter a word, but instead, choose to communicate through hand motions. There are many problems, even for those with large vocabularies. Though they know the words to use, they often use them in the wrong context, or use them in the literal sense only, which can lead to misunderstandings on both sides of the conversation. Just think about the everyday expressions like ?raining cats and dogs? or ?going hell for leather? ? pretty confusing if taken literally.

Social settings can be huge problems for children and adults with PDD autism. Many want to interact with their peers just like everyone else, but it can be very painful for them. They lack the skills needed for this type of friendship. There are times when they say the wrong things, and they can have a problem with maintaining eye contact. Failed attempts at socialization can become frustrating and they may choose to retreat into their own world where they are safe from disappointments. Many think they want to be alone, but this usually comes after they have tried to relate to others and fail. Once they fail, they feel safer on their own, and begin to develop a preference for that.

In most cases, children will be diagnosed with PDD autism by the ages of three or four. Though this is not true in all cases, a majority will know before they reach school age.

Other than social and communication problem, there are other common PDD signs. These can include repeated motions, and a tendency towards having tantrums for small things like a shift in routine. There can be aggressive behavior is some, and that is usually due to failed attempts to communicate feelings or messages. Some are overly sensitive to noise and other stimuli, and others seem to be unaware of things going on around them. No two children will exhibit the same symptoms. It is thought that early diagnosis is best, and can lead to a better life all the way around for those with PDD autism.

By Rachel Evans. Sign up for a free newsletter about autism and discover more on the signs and symptoms of autism

Can Adults Be Diagnosed With Autism Later In Life?

                

 

Autism has been around for many years as specific condition but hasn?t always well understood by the medical community and for some people their condition has been misdiagnosed. Though the classic form of autism is something that is often quite obvious in a child, there are high functioning autism types like Asperger?s that can be thought to be something else entirely. This form is just now being understood, and many who have had it their whole lives are just now learning that this is the case. It seems to make the answer to the questions pertaining to can adults be diagnosed with autism rather simple.

Adults can most certainly be diagnosed with autism. It can be a tough journey though, as many doctors don?t like the Asperger?s condition, and think it is highly blown out of proportion. Others just don?t have the knowledge to accurately diagnose children and adults with higher functioning forms of autism. So, it was something that went unnoticed for a very long time. Most parents and doctors assumed the child was different or ?shy? but that was all the further thought that was put into the situation. These children are now adults and starting to question those assumptions.

This form of high functioning autism has gone undetected, and many adults tend to blend rather well, which is something that those with classic autism cannot do. Though the high functioning adults have jobs and lives, and are intelligent, they can be socially awkward, as it is something that doesn?t come easily for most.

They may have communication problems that cause friction at work and in personal relationships, and they are frustrated because they don?t know why these sorts of interactions don?t come as easily to them as to others. Some people are even wrongly told that they have conditions like Obsessive Compulsive disorder. Because of frustration and anxiety regarding socialization, many have become often loners.

There are other clues that an adult might have autism. Their social awkwardness comes in different degrees. Many cannot understand humor, and are very literal in their interpretation of figures of speech. They cannot understand when someone is teasing them, as they take all words at the most literal level. They may have nervous twitches when anxious, and they also tend to have motor impairment. They can get upset and anxious quite easily, and quite often.

Anyone who suspects that they, or someone they know, has these problems and who wants to know can an adult be diagnosed with autism, it is a good idea to go in to see a doctor for evaluation. Sometimes you might have a hard time finding a doctor to take your concerns seriously, but that just means you have to keep looking.

Though there is no cure, a diagnosis can help a patient feel less anxious about why they are different, and they can also take advantage of some programs that can help improve the quality of their life. There are some tests online that may answer the question of can adults be diagnosed with autism. You can take the tests to see if you fit the profile, and then share this information with your doctor if you wish. This might help a physician understand what is going on and how to best help.

By Rachel Evans. Sign up for a free newsletter about aspergers and discover more on the signs and symptoms of autism

Disparities among African-Americans with autism syndrome

                

 

Autism syndrome is a complicated disorder which affects every race, ethnic group and socioeconomic status and it can be diagnosed in children as 18 months old. A parent becomes concerned when his child may lack eye contact, be deaf or avoids interacting with others and by going to a doctor he will learn that he has a child with autism syndrome. A child can show this behaviors after birth or when he grows older.

Parents and care givers must ensure a brighter future for the children with autism syndrome because there are clear social disparities in healthcare and education. Studies have consistently reported black autistic children were diagnosed later or received more misdiagnoses than whites. If the children have different colors that doesn't mean that autism syndrome symptoms are different.

Behavior treatments and enrollment in a classroom are available for all children with autism syndrome including black children. Whites are more likely than African-American children with autism syndrome to see the same doctor.

If a African-American family has a child with autism syndrome and have lower incomes or limited education they will have more difficulty in taking him to a doctor and we know that early diagnosis and early intervention is critical for a better prognosis.

Minority children with autism syndrome experience unnecessary isolation from their non disabled peers. Also, African-American students are twice likely ass white students to be educated in a restrictive and separate educational setting.

We can start to overturn these disparities by helping African-Americans with autism syndrome to reach their full potential. Parents and caregivers have an important role, meaning that they must be persistent and get their child's healthcare providers to listen and act in response to their concerns.

It is also important for parents to know their child's rights and to learn about the federal special education laws and state regulations and make sure that their child with autism syndrome receives an individualized education plan.

Every child with autism syndrome has the right to a free and appropriate public education. There are advocacy and educational advocates accessible to help you get this program. Another way to make your voice be heard and to help your child with autism syndrome is by joining a national autism organization and get involved.

There are local parent support group meeting to learn what issues are important and what steps are necessary to address to your children. There are also local and congressional lawmakers and if you call or write to them to report your issues and concerns they will help you and your children with autism syndrome.

We must know that autism syndrome is not hopeless and parents aren't either and for that we can advocate for our loved owns and for all the persons with autism syndrome.

More informations about autism causes or about autism symptoms can be found by visiting http://www.autism-info-center.com/

My Child has Autism! What is My Role in His Education?

                

 

I am the proud mother of two young children that were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder a few years ago. One is now in grade one and the other will register for kindergarten in the spring.

As a teacher, I already had some experience with IEP (Individualized Educational Plan) meetings which helped me a great deal with my son?s first IEP. I was able to also inform my husband which also did a lot of research on the matter so he was already well prepared to face our son?s IEP.

Over the 17 years of teaching experience that I possess, I soon discovered that most parents tend to lack both information and confidence in their role and what type of services they can obtain for their child.

One of the sad things that I also have learned is that depending on the school, the services vary and if you do not ask for them, you will not necessarily have them offered to you either.

Both my children are situated on opposite ends of the spectrum, my daughter being on the higher end making her diagnosis ?light Autism? while my son is non-verbal which puts him on the lower end, diagnosed with ?moderate to severe Autism?.

Having both their special needs, they also need different services. For example, my daughter needed some physiotherapy but my son benefits from the use of the sensory room at school as he is hypersensitive in several areas.

What does the term ?special needs? really mean? Well, it simply means that your child needs special services and material to help him grow and reach his full potential in life. Henry Winkler, the actor known as the Fonz in Happy Days, who gave an amazing presentation as a keynote speaker at the NMSA (National Middle School Association) annual conference held at Minneapolis two years ago, explained his challenges with Dyslexia and the way education and his parents helped him out succeed in life. He also made it clear that his Dyslexia made him a child with special needs. This child has grown up as a successful man and actor cherished by his fans. One of the things that I remember the most is the fact that he thanked both educators and his parents for not giving up on him.

All this made me realize that the role of a parent of a child with ASD is not only to raise him with love and patience but also to provide him with the best services, materials and tools possible to help him live a full and happy life. And one of the multiple roles that a parent has to fill is the role of advocate. It does not matter if your child is verbal or not, if his diagnosis is light, moderate or severe on the spectrum. You have to remember that your child has a disorder that affect his communication skills and makes him unable to fend for himself. But foremost, your child is four going on five years old and sees you as his voice. The person that he can trust will fight for him, his best interests and his rights.

As your child advocate, it is not only your role to fight for your child but also to research the various schools, their services and all the opportunities that are available to your child. Do not enter the meeting room like a bull in a china shop as doors will be closing on you?and your child. Don?t be shy! Ask questions; investigate the various services that can be offered to your child. Meet with various school administrators, school divisions and the people responsible for the special needs programs.

For instance, in several schools where I taught, the following services which are provided in my son?s school were never an option there. Such services are: Music Therapy, occupational therapy activities including: bowling, skating and swimming, sensory room, physiotherapy equipment such as a swinging beam, a modified bike, a weighted vest, a special chair, a pressure vest, the use of PECS (Pictures Exchange Communication System), the participation to Special Olympics activities and more.

Another tip that I can give you is to set up a meeting with the administrator of your school prior to the first day of school. Share with them your child?s habits, needs and explain to them how to deal with their frustrations, hypersensitivities issues, needs, routines and more. Introduce your child to them. At the IEP meeting, ask them for the creation of a social story book to introduce your child to his new surroundings by looking at various pictures in advance: future teacher(s), classroom, gym, teacher aid, music room, sensory room, secretary, administrators, etc. You will see the level of anxiety diminishing in both your child and you.

Let your love for your child guide you. Be your child?s advocate and his voice.

If you wish to have more information on how to participate actively to an IEP meeting and other important matters and tips related to Autism, I encourage you to visit the following site: http://autism-spectrum-disorder.com Believe me, my husband and I would have appreciated to get all this information prior to our children's diagnosis of Autism.

How We Talk to Children with Autism

                

 

You have permission to publish this article electronically or in print, free of charge, as long as the bylines are included. A courtesy copy of your publication would be appreciated.

I'd like to discuss how we talk to children with autism. One of the things that strikes me is the wide range of what is considered acceptable. I'm not talking about teaching methods. Specifically, I'm talking about the tone and volume in which we speak to these children. I know that they're often difficult to reach and may require multiple attempts to get them to attend or to understand what is being said to them. I also understand that this can be frustrating and confusing at times, but it's everyone's job to stay calm and talk to them in a reasonable manner.

There are many teachers and therapists in special education that would never speak harshly to any child. However, I've heard many speak to children with autism in ways that no regular education program would tolerate, and it seems that this practice is still widespread. My theory is that this habit of loud, cruel voices has been accepted for so long that no one questions it. It's left over from the days when persons with autism were yelled at, slapped and cattle-prodded to get them to comply.

Everyone knows that being spoken to harshly and punitively can break a person's heart, spirit and self-esteem over time. Our children are no different. They need to feel loved, accepted and cared for. Cruel and abusive tones alone can be harmful, even without negative words attached.

My suggestion is that we ask our teachers to speak to our children with kindness and respect. At times when firmness is called for, everyone can still speak kindly while staying firm. It's all in the choice of tone and language.

We want our children to grow into their full potential. It can't happen if they're feeling anxious or depressed or if their self-esteem has been damaged. We need to lay the foundation first- love, trust, respect, acceptance and kindness. Then we can build instruction over that foundation, taking care not to displace it. If you think about it, it's all relatively common sense. We all learn and become our best in this kind of supportive and accepting atmosphere. Our children do too.

Sandra Sinclair, www.autismvoice.com

Sandra Sinclair is a parent of a child with PDD-NOS. Sandra assists parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. She is also author of Newly Diagnosed Autism Spectrum - A free mini-course with 7 clear steps you can take to help your child with Aspergers, Autism, PDD-NOS, and other autism spectrum disorders. http://www.autismvoice.com/blog/7StepstoHelpChildrenwithAutism